What is the role of B cells in the immune response?

B cells play a critical role in the immune response primarily through their ability to produce antibodies. When B cells encounter an antigen, they can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies specific to that antigen. These antibodies are crucial for neutralizing pathogens, marking them for destruction, and facilitating their clearance from the body.

In addition to their antibody production function, B cells also contribute to the adaptive immune response by forming memory cells, which can provide long-lasting immunity after the initial infection has been cleared. This memory allows for a more rapid and effective response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

While other immune system components, such as T cells, engage in cellular immunity and antigen presentation, the hallmark function of B cells distinctly revolves around their role in antibody production, making this the correct answer regarding their primary role in immune responses.