Which of the following is the most common serological test for varicella zoster virus (VZV)?

The most common serological test for varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This method is widely used for detecting antibodies against VZV due to its sensitivity, specificity, ease of use, and ability to handle large numbers of samples efficiently. ELISA tests work by coating a plate with the antigen, adding patient serum, and then detecting bound antibodies with an enzyme-linked secondary antibody. The resulting color change indicates the presence and quantity of antibodies, providing valuable information about current or past infection.

While other methods such as indirect immunofluorescent assays, complement fixation tests, and Western blotting may also be used for VZV testing, they are less common in routine clinical practice. Indirect immunofluorescent assays require more technical expertise and specialized equipment, complement fixation is less sensitive than ELISA, and Western blot is primarily utilized for confirmatory testing rather than initial screening. Therefore, ELISA stands out as the principal choice for serological testing of VZV.