Which cells are characterized by the presence of a surface immunoglobulin receptor?

B cells are specifically characterized by the presence of surface immunoglobulin receptors. These receptors, also known as B cell receptors (BCRs), are crucial for the adaptive immune response. They allow B cells to bind to specific antigens, leading to their activation. Once activated, B cells can proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells, which produce large quantities of antibodies.

This relationship highlights the unique role of B cells within the immune system, as they are directly responsible for humoral immunity through antibody production. The surface immunoglobulin receptors on B cells enable them to recognize and respond to pathogens effectively, serving as a critical component in the immune response. Other cell types, such as T cells, plasma cells, and macrophages, have different functions and do not rely on surface immunoglobulin in the same way.